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bu. 37 
Bulletin No. 37 i MERGE TE April 29, 1922, 
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA 


DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL AFPFATHS 
James F, Woodward, Secretary 





BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
George H,. Ashley, State Geologist 








COAL RESERVES IN INDIANA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA 
By 


John F, Reese 





Introduction, 


; 


In connection with the "Introduction to the Bituminous Coal 


-Pields of Pennsylvenia” now being prepared for publication by the 


Pennsylvania Geological Survey, coal reserves of the bituminous fields 
are being computed by Mr. John F. Reese, In order to render this 
information available at once without waiting for the uncertain date 
of printing the report, an abstract of lir. Reese's figures for 

Indiana County is given herewith. All of the information readily 
aveilable at this time has been used in the computation, which 


followed the methods used by the Land Classification Board of the 


United States Geological Survey in its valuation of the public coal 
jands. ~The results are given by beds for each township. For some 
beds and for some areas the data are abundant and the results entire- 
ly reliable. For other beds and areas the data are meager and the 
results subject to revision as additional deta are obtained. All the 
data used and the computation sheets are permenently filed so that 
modifications of the originel figures can be made readily when re- 
quired by additional information, 


The figures presented are preliminery and ‘subject to correction 
for any aree when that area shall be studied in detail, In the mean- 
time critical examination of the figures is invited in order that the 
results may be made as accurate as possible. To that end the Survey 
will welcome every bit of information not now in its possession, 
Records of drillings and other data will be kept strictly confiden- 
tial if so desired, although the Bureau naturally prefers to be able 
to use data freely. 


George H, Ashley. 


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Coal Beds, 


Indiana County hes four coal beds that ere now of economic 
interest, In order of present importance as shipping coals they are 
the Upper Freeport, Lower Freeport, Lower Kittenning and Pittsburgh. 


Upper Freeport Coal. The extensive development and outcrop of this 
bed throughout the county, and several core drill records heve 
furnished so many measurements of its thickness thet it is possible 
to make a fairly accurate computation of quantity. 


Data are meagre in the Mahoning townships in the northwestern 
part of the county, and in Young, Blacklick and Conemaugh townships 
in the southwestern part, Therefore the computations for these town- 
ships are based on general average thicknesses to accord with con- 
ditions in surrounding townships, 


The percentage of this bed that can be recovered is governed by 
the sequence in which the Upper and Lower Freeport beds are mined. If 
the Lower Freeport bed is worked first and if pillers are drawn, the 
OVerlying rocks will cave and break the Upper Freeport bed, thereby 
Causing a partial and in many places complete loss of that coal, 


The Upper Freeport bed contains the greatest coal reserve within 
the county, and is the largest producer, yielding almost 5,000,000 
tons annually, 


Lower Freeport Coal. The computation of tonnage in this bed is 
»ased on measurements made in the mines and along the outcrop, and on 
vore drill records, The figures should be reliable. - 


In the Mahoning townships in the northwestern part of the county, 
and in the townships along the Conemaugh and Kiskiminitas rivers, 
very little information was available as to the extent and persisten- 
cy of this bed, A general average thickness was assumed, seme being 
derived from surrounding areas where reliable data are available, 


The so-called Upper Kittanhing or Cc’ bed in the northern part 02 
the county, in Banks and Montgomery townships, has been computed as 
the Lower Freeport coal in this report, 


The Lower Freeport contains the second greatest reserve within 
the county, and ranks second in production with a total of almost 
3,000,000 tons annually. 


Lower Kittanning Coal, Throughout the townships. east of, end on 
Chestnut Ridge « fair amount of information as to thickness and per- 
Sistency of this coal is availeble, For the townships west of 
Chestnut Kidge, data are mecgre, only the records of a few widely 
distributed drill holes, and measurements in short outcrop areas are 
in hand, 
A general average based on thicknesses in surrounding creas was 
edopted and a low percentage of recovery allowed, because the extent 
and thickness of this bed is not known, 


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This bed ranks third in size of reserve within the county and 
third in preduction, with a total of 2,500,000 tons annually. 


Pittsburgh Coal, The extensive mining 2nd many exposures of 
the outcrop of this bed furnish sbundant measurements of its thick- 
ness, thus meking possible an accurate and reliable computation of 
quentity. Due to lack of information regarding beds other than here- 
in mentioned, this bed cen be considered as fourth in size of reserve 
within the county, and it is fourth in production, almost yieldinz 
1,500,000 tons annually, . 


Por some localities, no information is available as to the mined 
Out areas of the various beds computed herein. For these pleces, an 
estimate of probable depletion has been made, based on age and size 
of operation, or on the difference between original areas and state- 
ments of acreages remaining unmined, 


Method of Computing Reserves. 


& bese map for each coal bed was made by tracing its outcrop 
from the quadrangle maps made by the U. 8. Geological Survey, All 
available measurements of a coal bed, gathered from Federal and State 
reports, mine maps’, core drill records and personal inspections, were 
plotted on the map of that coal bed at the locality represented, By 
studying the distribution of the figures, arees of equal thickness 
vere plotted, end by means of a planimeter, an instrument for measur- 
ie plane areas, the erea of each coal bed in each township was 
~ecsured, Tho unit used for calculating the quentity of coal was 
3,000 short tons per inch of bed per square mile of area. 


Worked=out areas were determined from mine maps and plotted to 
scele on the base meps, The same method as above was used for com- 
puting the quantity of coal extraeted. | 


Having caleuleted the quantity of coal originally contained 
within the area of any bed and subtracted the quantity already minced 
out, the writer determined from engineering experience the probable 
‘ percentage of each bed which could be recovered in different locali- 
ties. This varies from 70 to 90 per cent, depending on the thic#uess 
and cherecter of the bed, The quentity of coal computed to be in any 
bed, multiplied by the essumed percentage of recovery, less 15 per 
cent for loss in mining, gives the estimated recoverable tonnege, 


Coal Roserves. 
The area of Indiana County is 847.2 square miles, 
The result of computing the coel reserves in Indiana County © 
besed on the latest maps, engineering data, and methods is shown in > 


the accompanying tables, f, 


One table gives the estimated recoverable tonnage by beds and 
townships, The figures have been given as computed, It should 


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however be distinctly understood thet while the acreage of each of 
the beds has been accurately computod, the reliebility of the everage 
thickness of the coals used in the commutation of tonnage decrcases 
for the beds in the order following: Pittsbureh, Upper Freeport, 
Lower Freeport, and Lower Kittanning, Thvs, while the figures for 
ae Pittsburgh bed'are conservative and probpasiy reliable’, the 
-igures for the Lower Kittanning coal may be much too small or many 
vames too large, 


Coal Reserves in Indiana County in Short Tons. 





Bed Original Deposit Mined Out Recoverable 





Upper Freeport 2, 364',200',000 121,200,000 —1,652',800',000 
Lower Freeport 2,088 ,100',000 73,900,000 1,374,800, 000 
Lower Kittenning 1,798, 700',000 43,600,000  1,239,900',000 
Pittsburgh _ 88 ,400',000 60,$00;,000 21,200,000 

Total = 6 ,339 ,400, 000 299,200,000 4,288,700,000 





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Nummary of Recoverable Coal in Indicna County in Short Tons. 





' Upper Lower Lower 
township Freeport Frecport Kittenning Pittsburgh Total 
Armstrong 106,700,000 120,500,000 76,500,000 ---- 303,700,000 
Bouks 14,500,000 30,500,000 66,300,000 ---= 111,300,000 
p Blacklick 85,600,000 38,300,000 55,200,000 400,000 179,500,000 
Brush Vy. 79,400,000 52,600,000 116,700,000 ee-- 248,700,009 
| Buffington 3,900,000 48,200,000 70,300,000 gen) 122,400,000 
Burrell 43,900,000 14,400,000 66,700,000 400,000 125,400,007 
Canoe $5,900,000. 12,500,000 18,200,000 ---- 66 ,600,0L- 
Center 110,300,000 65,000,000 66,300,000 ee-- 241,600,00u 
Cherryhill - 75,800,000 91,000,000 .103,800,000 e---- 270,600,000 
Conemaugh 102,100,000 51,500,000 2,600,000 1,900,000 158,100,000 
E.Mahoning 69,500,000 45,200,000 --== eee=- 114,500’, 000 
EWhtfld, 11,600,000 31,400,000 172,700,000 e--- 115,700,000 
Grant 21,500,000 27,400,000 34,700,000 ---- 83 ,600 ,000 
Green 89,800,000 125,200,000 141,500,000 ---- 356,500,000 
Montgomery 53,400,000 67,500,000 67,000',000 ---- 187,900,000 
N,.Mahoning 62,800,000 28,500,000 ---- ---- 91,3500; 000 
Pine 5,200,000 69,100,000  50,000',000 sme! 18458000000 
Rayne 135,700,000 98,000,000 37,000,000 w~-- 270,700,000 
* S.Mahoning 75,000,000 48,700,000 ---- e--- 123,700,000 
‘Washington 102,500,000 66,500,000 30,300,000 ---- 199,300,000 
,W.Mehoning 61,500,000 47,000,000 onn- ---- 108,500,000 
WWhtfld. 41,700,000 28,500,000 10,100,000 2---- 140,500,000 
White 166,200,000 77,300,000 66,000,000 -=-- 309,500,000 
Young 98,500,000 90,000,000 28,000,000 18500,000 235,000,000 


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Total 1,652,800,000 1,374,800,000 1,239900000 21,400,000 4,288,700,000 





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